Inclusive & Sustainable Economic Development
Analyzing structural economic reforms, inclusive growth strategies, and sustainable development pathways for Malaysia's transition to high-income status.
Malaysia's economic development trajectory requires balancing growth with equity and sustainability. Our research examines structural transformation beyond the middle-income trap, addressing productivity challenges across sectors, reducing income and wealth disparities between states and communities, and ensuring economic benefits reach all segments of society including indigenous peoples and marginalized groups.
As Malaysia navigates global economic uncertainties and regional competition, we analyze industrial policy effectiveness, the role of government-linked companies in development, sustainable finance and ESG integration, trade diversification strategies, and mechanisms for ensuring economic resilience while promoting inclusive prosperity across Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak.
As Malaysia navigates global economic uncertainties and regional competition, we analyze industrial policy effectiveness, the role of government-linked companies in development, sustainable finance and ESG integration, trade diversification strategies, and mechanisms for ensuring economic resilience while promoting inclusive prosperity across Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak.
KRI shares insightful commentaries on current topics to encourage discussion, but these do not represent KRI's official views.
Views
Sep 29, 2026
Beyond the Middle-Income Trap: Does Malaysia’s Growth Model Deliver Broad-Based Prosperity?
Malaysia is nearing high-income status, but uneven growth raises questions about whether prosperity is reaching households nationwide.
OP-ED.
Sep 29, 2026
Beyond the Middle-Income Trap: Does Malaysia’s Growth Model Deliver Broad-Based Prosperity?
Malaysia is nearing high-income status, but uneven growth raises questions about whether prosperity is reaching households nationwide.
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Views
Sep 7, 2026
Reflections on Malaysia’s Development Journey
Malaysia’s development should look beyond income. Wellbeing, unequal opportunities and the influence of institutions matter when assessing the country’s progress.
OP-ED.
Sep 7, 2026
Reflections on Malaysia’s Development Journey
Malaysia’s development should look beyond income. Wellbeing, unequal opportunities and the influence of institutions matter when assessing the country’s progress.
Views
Jun 25, 2026
How the Strait of Hormuz Holds Malaysia’s Crude Oil Supply in Its Grip
Malaysia produces oil. Yet more than half of its crude comes from Gulf states whose exports must pass through the Strait of Hormuz. Asian economies depend on the Strait far more than European and American economies.
OP-ED.
Jun 25, 2026
How the Strait of Hormuz Holds Malaysia’s Crude Oil Supply in Its Grip
Malaysia produces oil. Yet more than half of its crude comes from Gulf states whose exports must pass through the Strait of Hormuz. Asian economies depend on the Strait far more than European and American economies.
Views
Jun 24, 2026
Turning Turbulence into Opportunity: How Malaysia Can Thrive in an Age of Uncertainty
Past energy crises affected Malaysia and highlights lessons for today’s uncertainties. Long-term policies can strengthen resilience, improve livelihoods, and support sustainable national development.
OP-ED.
Jun 24, 2026
Turning Turbulence into Opportunity: How Malaysia Can Thrive in an Age of Uncertainty
Past energy crises affected Malaysia and highlights lessons for today’s uncertainties. Long-term policies can strengthen resilience, improve livelihoods, and support sustainable national development.
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Book
Policy Briefs
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Data Sets
Data Visualisations
Reports
Discussion Papers
Working Papers
Public Finance & Fiscal Reform
Regional Development
Productivity & Industrial Development
International Trade
Economic Growth & Structure
Khor Hui Min
Samuel Paul Goldston
Sandhaya Karunagaran
Aiman Fariz Zaqwan Akmal Hizam
Khairol Eimannajwan Khairol Edwan
Ikhwan Bin Mohd Nizam
Meera Devi Daran
Daniel How
Muhammad Syamin Bin Azman
Mikhail Rosli
Grace Chang
Bor Neng Quan
Fatin Nadhirah Jamalolail
Hyun Bang Shin
Dania Arissa Muhamad Zaharin
Muhammad Najib Abu Hassan Alshari
Maryam Halim
Richard Kozul-Wright
Carol Fong
YB Liew Chin Tong
Ahmad Azeem Bin Yusri
Junianto James Losari
Eleanor Wikstrom
Stephanie Hsu
Tan Hui Hui
Kelvin Ling Shyan Seng
Khairin Ilaina Mohamed Amin
Govind Nirav Rao
C. Hari S. Shankar
Elisabeth Chan Wen Yi
Nurrdinan Serena Amer Sharaffudin
Dr Amirah 'Aisha Badrul Hisham
Yee Suet Ee
Nurul Farhana Abdul Shukor
Aidil Farhan Jasrie Arman Sany
Amira Syazwani Ahmad Junaidi
Dinie Joshry Shaqeel Prakash
Ts Dr Amirah Aisha Badrul Hisham
Professor Joseph Eugene Stiglitz
K. Kuhaneetha Bai
Nadia Malyanah Azman
Siti Maisarah Zainurin
Ndongo Samba Sylla
Malini Elango
Aqeel Khaldun
Belinda Liew Ai Ching
Muhammad Khairulamri Muhammad
Nicholas Khaw
Nur Zulaikha Atiqah Mohd Zahril
Dr Diana Abdul Wahab
Dr Umawathy Techanamurthy
Bryan Yeoh Quan Jin
Wan Manan Wan Muda
Alyssa Chua Lee-Yen
Goh Ming Jun
Mohan Mahadeva
Yap Chun Hao
Syafa Sakinah Mustaffa
Ammar Hanania Hazli Izma
Dr Yunus Yasin
Dato’ Amirul Feisal Wan Zahir
Professor Emeritus Dr Tham Siew Yean
Datuk Hisham Hamdan
Khazanah Research Institute
Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop
Tan Mei Yi
Emir Izat Abdul Rashid
Lim Han Hsuen
Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani Azmi
Musaddiq Adam Muhtar
Nur Adilah Hamid
Chakrin Utit
Bach Nguyen Luong
Zainab Ali Ahmad
Kusairi Mohd Noh
Rokiah Alavi
Ibrahim Kabiru Maji
Illisriyani Ismail
Intan Nadia Jalil
Abdulla Ibragimov
Siti Nooraznie Abdul Rahim
Fatimah Mohamed Arshad
Dr Mohd Yusof Saari
Pierre Sauvé
Tan Theng Theng
Charissa Lee Yi Zhen
Yap Gin Bee
Tan Kar Man
Junaidi Mansor
Alia Muhammad Radzi
Yeu-Mynn Yeung
Prof. Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda
Tan Zhai Gen
Umi Maisarah Kamis
Shukri Mohamed Khairi
Wong Ee Kin
Dr Wan Khatina Wan Nawawi
Maia Hollins-Kirk
Grace Loh Wan Chi
Keelea Shaye Linsuau Soh
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Results
Reports
Dec 23, 2022
Residential Settlements and Spatial Inequality: A Study of Greater Kuala Lumpur Neighbourhoods
OP-ED
Dec 23, 2022
Residential Settlements and Spatial Inequality: A Study of Greater Kuala Lumpur Neighbourhoods
Regional Development
Gregory Ho Wai Son
Dec 23, 2022
Dec 23, 2022
Reports
Working Papers
Dec 2, 2022
Wages as Power: Models of Institutionalised Wage Bargaining and Implications for Malaysia
OP-ED
Dec 2, 2022
Wages as Power: Models of Institutionalised Wage Bargaining and Implications for Malaysia
Wages & Gig Work
Economic Growth & Structure
Society
Income, & Consumption
Nithiyananthan Muthusamy
Dec 2, 2022
Dec 2, 2022
Working Papers
Working Papers
Nov 25, 2022
National Climate Strategy: A Balanced Approach
OP-ED
Nov 25, 2022
National Climate Strategy: A Balanced Approach
Productivity & Industrial Development
Yin Shao Loong
Nov 25, 2022
Nov 25, 2022
Working Papers
Working Papers
Mar 17, 2022
What makes your neighbourhood ‘better’? Socio-economic variabilities of Greater Kuala Lumpur neighbourhoods
OP-ED
Mar 17, 2022
What makes your neighbourhood ‘better’? Socio-economic variabilities of Greater Kuala Lumpur neighbourhoods
Regional Development
Gregory Ho Wai Son
Mar 17, 2022
Mar 17, 2022
Working Papers
Views
Jun 1, 2021
Global Inequality, Growth and Degrowth
OP-ED
Jun 1, 2021
Global Inequality, Growth and Degrowth
Climate Change & Resilience
Economic Growth & Structure
Christopher Choong Weng Wai
Jun 1, 2021
Jun 1, 2021
Views
Views
Jan 15, 2021
Informality in the Malaysian economy
OP-ED
Jan 15, 2021
Informality in the Malaysian economy
Economic Growth & Structure
Siti Aiysyah Tumin
Jan 15, 2021
Jan 15, 2021
Views
Discussion Papers
Dec 29, 2020
Modernising Foreign Investment Protection in Malaysia: International Investment Agreements
OP-ED
Dec 29, 2020
Modernising Foreign Investment Protection in Malaysia: International Investment Agreements
Health, Nutrition & Public Health
International Trade
Aidonna Jan Ayub
Dec 29, 2020
Dec 29, 2020
Discussion Papers
Views
Jun 4, 2020
Preserving Higher Education as the Great Equaliser
OP-ED
Jun 4, 2020
Preserving Higher Education as the Great Equaliser
Economic Growth & Structure
Jarud Romadan Khalidi
Jun 4, 2020
Jun 4, 2020
Views
Views
Apr 30, 2020
Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste—Time to Reimagine Social Protection
OP-ED
Apr 30, 2020
Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste—Time to Reimagine Social Protection
Public Finance & Fiscal Reform
International Trade
Nur Thuraya Sazali
Apr 30, 2020
Apr 30, 2020
Views
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Building a Sustainable Industrial Base: Malaysia’s Green Transition
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