
Inclusive & Sustainable Economic Development
Analyzing structural economic reforms, inclusive growth strategies, and sustainable development pathways for Malaysia's transition to high-income status.

Malaysia's economic development trajectory requires balancing growth with equity and sustainability. Our research examines structural transformation beyond the middle-income trap, addressing productivity challenges across sectors, reducing income and wealth disparities between states and communities, and ensuring economic benefits reach all segments of society including indigenous peoples and marginalized groups.
As Malaysia navigates global economic uncertainties and regional competition, we analyze industrial policy effectiveness, the role of government-linked companies in development, sustainable finance and ESG integration, trade diversification strategies, and mechanisms for ensuring economic resilience while promoting inclusive prosperity across Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak.
As Malaysia navigates global economic uncertainties and regional competition, we analyze industrial policy effectiveness, the role of government-linked companies in development, sustainable finance and ESG integration, trade diversification strategies, and mechanisms for ensuring economic resilience while promoting inclusive prosperity across Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak.
KRI shares insightful commentaries on current topics to encourage discussion, but these do not represent KRI's official views.

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May 6, 2026
Challenges and Opportunities in Accessing International Climate Funds for Malaysia
The paper explains Malaysia’s climate finance needs. It outlines global funds and key barriers to access, while showing why system improvements are necessary.

OP-ED.
May 6, 2026
Challenges and Opportunities in Accessing International Climate Funds for Malaysia
The paper explains Malaysia’s climate finance needs. It outlines global funds and key barriers to access, while showing why system improvements are necessary.

Views
May 5, 2026
Beyond the Pump: How Malaysia Can Weather Oil Price Spikes
Global oil price shocks expose Malaysia’s reliance on fuel subsidies to shield consumers. However, escalating fiscal burdens and uneven impacts on workers underscore the urgency of structural energy and transport reforms.

OP-ED.
May 5, 2026
Beyond the Pump: How Malaysia Can Weather Oil Price Spikes
Global oil price shocks expose Malaysia’s reliance on fuel subsidies to shield consumers. However, escalating fiscal burdens and uneven impacts on workers underscore the urgency of structural energy and transport reforms.

Views
Mar 13, 2026
Trump Tariffs: The Tariff Rollercoaster Hasn’t Stopped
Trump Tariffs and the US policy tools that continue to shape the world economy.

OP-ED.
Mar 13, 2026
Trump Tariffs: The Tariff Rollercoaster Hasn’t Stopped
Trump Tariffs and the US policy tools that continue to shape the world economy.

Views
Mar 10, 2026
Ominous Clouds on the Horizon
The article argues a U.S.–Israel attack on Iran sparked regional conflict, disrupted energy flows, raised oil prices, and risks global inflation similar to the 1973 oil crisis.

OP-ED.
Mar 10, 2026
Ominous Clouds on the Horizon
The article argues a U.S.–Israel attack on Iran sparked regional conflict, disrupted energy flows, raised oil prices, and risks global inflation similar to the 1973 oil crisis.
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Book
Policy Briefs
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Reports
Discussion Papers
Working Papers
Public Finance & Fiscal Reform
Regional Development
Productivity & Industrial Development
International Trade
Economic Growth & Structure
Dania Arissa Muhamad Zaharin
Muhammad Najib Abu Hassan Alshari
Maryam Halim
Richard Kozul-Wright
Carol Fong
YB Liew Chin Tong
Ahmad Azeem Bin Yusri
Ayesha Ashraf Khan
Junianto James Losari
Eleanor Wikstrom
Dr Roza Hazli Zakaria
Stephanie Hsu
Tan Hui Hui
Kelvin Ling Shyan Seng
Khairin Ilaina Mohamed Amin
Govind Nirav Rao
C. Hari S. Shankar
Afifah Ahmad
Elisabeth Chan Wen Yi
Nurrdinan Serena Amer Sharaffudin
Nurhanina Zaharin
Dr Amirah 'Aisha Badrul Hisham
Nur Hannani Abd Ghafar
Tehleel Nazir
Yee Suet Ee
Balqis Athirah Azhar
Shukri Mohamed Khairi
Nurul Farhana Abdul Shukor
Aidil Farhan Jasrie Arman Sany
Amira Syazwani Ahmad Junaidi
Dinie Joshry Shaqeel Prakash
Ts Dr Amirah Aisha Badrul Hisham
Professor Joseph Eugene Stiglitz
K. Kuhaneetha Bai
Nadia Malyanah Azman
Siti Maisarah Zainurin
Ndongo Samba Sylla
Malini Elango
Aqeel Khaldun
Belinda Liew Ai Ching
Muhammad Khairulamri Muhammad
Nicholas Khaw
Nur Zulaikha Atiqah Mohd Zahril
Dr Diana Abdul Wahab
Dr Umawathy Techanamurthy
Bryan Yeoh Quan Jin
Wan Manan Wan Muda
Alyssa Chua Lee-Yen
Goh Ming Jun
Mohan Mahadeva
Yap Chun Hao
Syafa Sakinah Mustaffa
Ammar Hanania Hazli Izma
Dr Yunus Yasin
Dato’ Amirul Feisal Wan Zahir
Professor Emeritus Dr Tham Siew Yean
Datuk Hisham Hamdan
Khazanah Research Institute
Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop
Tan Mei Yi
Emir Izat Abdul Rashid
Lim Han Hsuen
Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani Azmi
Musaddiq Adam Muhtar
Nur Adilah Hamid
Chakrin Utit
Bach Nguyen Luong
Zainab Ali Ahmad
Kusairi Mohd Noh
Rokiah Alavi
Ibrahim Kabiru Maji
Illisriyani Ismail
Intan Nadia Jalil
Abdulla Ibragimov
Siti Nooraznie Abdul Rahim
Fatimah Mohamed Arshad
Dr Mohd Yusof Saari
Pierre Sauvé
Tan Theng Theng
Charissa Lee Yi Zhen
Yap Gin Bee
Tan Kar Man
Junaidi Mansor
Alia Muhammad Radzi
Yeu-Mynn Yeung
Prof. Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda
Tan Zhai Gen
Umi Maisarah Kamis
Shukri Mohamed Khairi
Wong Ee Kin
Dr Wan Khatina Wan Nawawi
Maia Hollins-Kirk
Grace Loh Wan Chi
Keelea Shaye Linsuau Soh
Hui San Chiam
Goh Hao Yi
Daniel Filippi
Azlin Natasha Mohd Ghazali
Balqis Athirah Azhar
Dr Sarena Che Omar
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Views
May 6, 2026
Challenges and Opportunities in Accessing International Climate Funds for Malaysia


OP-ED
May 6, 2026
Challenges and Opportunities in Accessing International Climate Funds for Malaysia
Climate Change & Resilience
Public Finance & Fiscal Reform
International Trade
Nurul Farhana Abdul Shukor
May 6, 2026
May 6, 2026
Views
English


Views
May 5, 2026
Beyond the Pump: How Malaysia Can Weather Oil Price Spikes


OP-ED
May 5, 2026
Beyond the Pump: How Malaysia Can Weather Oil Price Spikes
Public Finance & Fiscal Reform
Energy Transition & Just Transition
Wages & Gig Work
Rachel Gong
May 5, 2026
May 5, 2026
Views
English


Views
Mar 13, 2026
Trump Tariffs: The Tariff Rollercoaster Hasn’t Stopped


OP-ED
Mar 13, 2026
Trump Tariffs: The Tariff Rollercoaster Hasn’t Stopped
International Trade
Economic Growth & Structure
Aidonna Jan Ayub
Mar 13, 2026
Mar 13, 2026
Views
English


Views
Mar 10, 2026
Ominous Clouds on the Horizon


OP-ED
Mar 10, 2026
Ominous Clouds on the Horizon
Energy Transition & Just Transition
Economic Growth & Structure
Public Finance & Fiscal Reform
Dr Nungsari Ahmad Radhi
Mar 10, 2026
Mar 10, 2026
Views
English
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Views
Dec 29, 2025
The End of the American Deficit: Navigating the New Era of American Protectionism (Part 2)
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OP-ED
Dec 29, 2025
The End of the American Deficit: Navigating the New Era of American Protectionism (Part 2)
International Trade
Productivity & Industrial Development
Financialisation & Indebtedness
Economic Growth & Structure
Azfar Hanif Azizi
Dec 29, 2025
Dec 29, 2025
Views
English


Views
Dec 29, 2025
The End of the American Deficit: Navigating the New Era of American Protectionism (Part 1)


OP-ED
Dec 29, 2025
The End of the American Deficit: Navigating the New Era of American Protectionism (Part 1)
International Trade
Productivity & Industrial Development
Financialisation & Indebtedness
Economic Growth & Structure
Azfar Hanif Azizi
Dec 29, 2025
Dec 29, 2025
Views
English


Views
Dec 19, 2025
Repayable Grants: Models and Options Moving beyond handouts in industrial subsidies


OP-ED
Dec 19, 2025
Repayable Grants: Models and Options Moving beyond handouts in industrial subsidies
Economic Growth & Structure
Productivity & Industrial Development
Public Finance & Fiscal Reform
Yin Shao Loong
Dec 19, 2025
Dec 19, 2025
Views
English


Views
Dec 11, 2025
Increasing Intra-ASEAN Trade (Part 2): The Developmental Strategy


OP-ED
Dec 11, 2025
Increasing Intra-ASEAN Trade (Part 2): The Developmental Strategy
International Trade
Productivity & Industrial Development
Wages & Gig Work
Azfar Hanif Azizi
Dec 11, 2025
Dec 11, 2025
Views
English


Views
Dec 11, 2025
Increasing Intra-ASEAN Trade (Part 1): The Production Logic


OP-ED
Dec 11, 2025
Increasing Intra-ASEAN Trade (Part 1): The Production Logic
International Trade
Azfar Hanif Azizi
Dec 11, 2025
Dec 11, 2025
Views
English

Quote Of The Day
Universities are under attack for being too theoretical in educating students which leave in turn; graduates who are apparently ill-prepared for the ‘real world’.
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Views
December 17, 2025
Remarks on the purposes of a university education: Can theory be distinguished from practice?
Universities are under attack for being too theoretical in educating students which leave in turn; graduates who are apparently ill-prepared for ‘practice’ or the ‘real world’. This article is an attempt to explore and address basic assumptions of the university curriculum and the context in which universities (in the West) have developed since the middle of the nineteenth century which saw the expansion of what has come to be known as the ‘modern’ university. This is because the university, through time, has always had to absorb and accumulate changing aspirations-and perhaps also the presumptions- of successive generations and not surprisingly, it has also come to disappoint them. What this short piece hopes to do is to stimulate dialogue on an issue of public discourse that has directly and indirectly shape the way we think about university education in Malaysia.
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Building a Sustainable Industrial Base: Malaysia’s Green Transition
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