Publications

The US-Iran war triggered a global energy crisis and why Malaysia remains vulnerable. It argues that decades of policy choices have increased exposure to external shocks.

This paper explores the roots of the US-Israeli conflict with Iran. It covers the impact on global energy and supply chains while examining how war, sanctions, and regional tensions continue to destabilise the Middle East.

This discussion paper constructs a longer historical arc (than the war in Iran) to examine Malaysia/Southeast Asia’s food dependencies within the geoeconomic rivalry of the US and China. It highlights the need for stronger local production without falling into food isolationism, supported by existing ASEAN cooperation mechanisms.

Malaysia’s night market ecosystem faces persistent vulnerabilities, with low social protection uptake, rising economic pressures, and shifting consumer trends.

Digital empowerment can help Malaysia’s micro and small enterprises (MSMEs) move from survival to sustainable growth. The paper analyses adoption gaps, productivity constraints, and structural barriers, while assessing how digital tools and supportive policies enable scaling, improve competitiveness, and strengthen long-term economic resilience across the sector effectively overall.